Malcolm Scott Carpenter (1925–2013) was the fourth American in space and the second to orbit, flying Aurora 7 on May 24, 1962. A Navy pilot and test pilot selected as one of the Mercury Seven in 1959, his three-orbit mission ended with a splashdown 400 kilometres off target due to an attitude error during re-entry, triggering anxious moments at mission control before his recovery. After his astronaut career, he devoted several years to the Navy's SEALAB underwater habitat programme.