Lucien Rudaux (born in Caudebec-lès-Elbeuf in 1874, died in Paris in 1947) was a French amateur astronomer, science populariser and illustrator. A member of the Société astronomique de France from 1892, he set up an observatory on his family's property at Donville-les-Bains in 1894. From 1902 he served as scientific writer and artist for La Nature, then for L'Illustration from 1905. He received the SAF's Prix des Dames in 1914. His masterpiece, Sur les autres mondes (Larousse, 1937), is regarded as the world's first book of space art and would inspire Chesley Bonestell. The International Association of Astronomical Artists has honoured him since 2000 with the Lucien Rudaux Award.